- Title
- Smoking cessation interventions and abstinence outcomes for people living in rural, regional, and remote areas of three high-income countries: A systematic review
- Creator
- Trigg, Joshua; Skelton, Eliza; Lum, Alistair; Guillaumier, Asheligh; McCarter, Kristen; Handley, Tonelle; Judd, Lucy; Lye, Alexie; Bonevski, Billie
- Relation
- Nicotine and Tobacco Research Vol. 25, Issue 11, p. 1709-1718
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntad098
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2023
- Description
- Introduction: Tobacco smoking rates in high-income countries are greater in rural, regional, and remote (RRR) areas compared to cities. Yet, there is limited knowledge about interventions targeted to RRR smokers. This review describes the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for RRR smokers in supporting smoking abstinence. Methods: Seven academic databases were searched (inception-June 2022) for smoking cessation intervention studies to include if they reported on RRR residents of Australia, Canada, or the United States, and short- (<6 months) or long-term (≥6 months) smoking abstinence outcomes. Two researchers assessed study quality, and narratively summarised findings. Results: Included studies (n=26) were primarily randomised control (12) or pre-post (7) designs, from the United States (16) or Australia (8). Five systems change interventions were included. Interventions included cessation education or brief advice, and few included nicotine monotherapies, cessation counselling, motivational interviewing, or cognitive behavioural therapy. Interventions had limited short-term effect on RRR smoking abstinence, decreasing markedly beyond 6-months. Short-term abstinence was best supported by contingency, incentive, and online cessation interventions, and long-term abstinence by pharmacotherapy. Conclusons: Cessation interventions for RRR smokers should include pharmacotherapy and psychological cessation counselling to establish short-term abstinence, and identify effective means of maintaining abstinence beyond 6-months. Contingency designs are a suitable vehicle for psychological and pharmacotherapy support for RRR people who smoke, and intervention tailoring should be explicitly considered. Implications: Smoking disproportionately harms RRR residents, who can encounter access barriers to smoking cessation support. High-quality intervention evidence and outcome standardisation are still required to support long-term RRR smoking abstinence.
- Subject
- smoking cessation; interventions; pharmacotherapy; psychological
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1487443
- Identifier
- uon:52144
- Identifier
- ISSN:1469-994X
- Rights
- x
- Language
- eng
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